ICOS is an intergovernmental organisation which receives funding from its Member and Observer countries through annual membership contributions, and through host contributions towards specific facilities in ICOS. The station networks are funded by different national agencies.
Financial structure
ICOS has a complex financial structure. The revenues for the observational stations are organised in the National Networks with a mosaic of funding from national funding agencies and host institutions. The Central Facilities and the European Research Infrastructure Consortium, ERIC institutions (Head Office and Carbon Portal) receive revenues through host premium contributions and ERIC contributions.
List of funders and participating institutes per country
Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO)
Department of Economy, Science and Innovation, Flemish Government (EWI)
Flanders Marine Institute
Institut Scientifique de Service Public (ISSeP)
Research Foundation – Flanders
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
Service Public de Wallonie (SPW)
The Research Institute for Nature and Forest
University of Antwerp
University of Liege
Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain)
Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W)
Aarhus University
Danish Agency of Science, Technology and Innovation
Ministry of Higher Education and Science
Roskilde University
Technical University of Denmark
University of Copenhagen
Agro-ParisTech – Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences
Aix-Marseille University
Bordeaux-Sciences-Agro
French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
French Geological Survey (BRGM)
French Meteorological Institute
French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE)
French National Museum of Natural History
French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (ANDRA)
French Polar Institute (IPEV)
French Research Institute for Development (IRD)
French Space Agency (CNES)
Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation
Montpellier SupAgro, International Centre for Higher Education in Agricultural Sciences
National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland)
The National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS; INSU and INEE)
University of Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)
University of Avignon
University of Clermont-Ferrand
University of Crete, Heraklion (Greece)
University of French West Indies and Guiana
University of Grenoble-Alpes
University of La Paz, Bolivia
University of La Réunion Island
University of Lorraine
University of Montpellier
University of Orléans
University Paris-Saclay
University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse
University Paul Valéry of Montpellier III
University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne
University Sorbonne, Paris
University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI)
Dresden University of Technology
Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI)
Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ)
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research
Georg-August-University Göttingen
German Weather Service Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)
Heidelberg University
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig (UFZ)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Landesbetrieb Forst Brandenburg
Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI)
The Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW)
Thünen Institute
Umweltbundesamt (UBA)
University of Freiburg
Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences
Agenzia regionale protezione ambiente (ARPA)
Council for Agricultural Research and the Analysis of the Agrarian Economy (CREA)
Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC)
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)
Italian Research Council (CNR), Dipartimento Scienze del Sistema Terra e Tecnologie per l’Ambiente
Ministry of Education, Universities and Research, Department for the universities and higher education establishments in art, music and dance
National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS)
South Tyrolean State Administration
The Edmund Mach Foundation
The University of Genoa
The University of Padova
The University of Sassari
The University of Udine
Universita Cattolica
University of Tuscia (UNITUS)
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ)
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI)
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
University of Groningen
University of Wageningen (WUR)
Utrecht University
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO)
Institute for Marine Research (IMR)
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre
Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO)
Norwegian Polar Institute
Royal Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment, Department for Nature Management
The Research Council of Norway
University of Bergen
Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB)
Mediterranean Center for Environmental Studies (CEAM)
Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge (MITECO)
National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA)
Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands (PLOCAN)
State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET)
QUIMA group, Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global – University of Las Palmas deGran Canaria (ULPGC)
EMPA Material Science and Technology
ETH Zurich
Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss
International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat
State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI)
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)
Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
University of Basel
University of Bern